Time is a library that provides timekeeping functionality for Arduino.
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The code is derived from the Playground DateTime library but is updatedto provide an API that is more flexible and easier to use.
A primary goal was to enable date and time functionality that can be used witha variety of external time sources with minimum differences required in sketch logic.
Example sketches illustrate how similar sketch code can be used with: a Real Time Clock,internet NTP time service, GPS time data, and Serial time messages from a computerfor time synchronization.
Functionality
The functions available in the library include
there are also functions to return the hour in 12-hour format
The time and date functions can take an optional parameter for the time. This preventserrors if the time rolls over between elements. For example, if a new minute beginsbetween getting the minute and second, the values will be inconsistent. Using thefollowing functions eliminates this problem
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Functions for managing the timer services are:
Time and Date values are not valid if the status is timeNotSet. Otherwise, values can be used butthe returned time may have drifted if the status is timeNeedsSync.
There are many convenience macros in the time.h
file for time constants and conversionof time units.
To use the library, copy the download to the Library directory.
Examples
The Time directory contains the Time library and some example sketchesillustrating how the library can be used with various time sources:
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TimeSerial.pde
shows Arduino as a clock without external hardware.It is synchronized by time messages sent over the serial port.A companion Processing sketch will automatically provide these messagesif it is running and connected to the Arduino serial port.TimeSerialDateStrings.pde
adds day and month name strings to the sketch aboveShort (3 characters) and long strings are available to print the days ofthe week and names of the months.TimeRTC
uses a DS1307 real-time clock to provide time synchronization.A basic RTC library named DS1307RTC is included in the download.To run this sketch the DS1307RTC library must be installed.TimeRTCSet
is similar to the above and adds the ability to set the Real Time ClockTimeRTCLog
demonstrates how to calculate the difference between times.It is a very simple logger application that monitors events on digital pinsand prints (to the serial port) the time of an event and the time period sincethe previous event.TimeNTP
uses the Arduino Ethernet shield to access time using the internet NTP time service.The NTP protocol uses UDP and the UdpBytewise library is required, see:http://bitbucket.org/bjoern/arduino_osc/src/14667490521f/libraries/Ethernet/TimeGPS
gets time from a GPSThis requires the TinyGPS library from Mikal Hart:http://arduiniana.org/libraries/TinyGPS
Differences
Differences between this code and the playground DateTime libraryalthough the Time library is based on the DateTime codebase, the API has changed.Changes in the Time library API:
- time elements are functions returning
int
(they are variables in DateTime) - Years start from 1970
- days of the week and months start from 1 (they start from 0 in DateTime)
- DateStrings do not require a separate library
- time elements can be accessed non-atomically (in DateTime they are always atomic)
- function added to automatically sync time with external source
localTime
andmaketime
parameters changed,localTime
renamed tobreakTime
Technical notes:
Internal system time is based on the standard Unix time_t
.The value is the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970.System time begins at zero when the sketch starts.
The internal time can be automatically synchronized at regular intervals to an external time source.This is enabled by calling the setSyncProvider(provider)
function - the provider argument isthe address of a function that returns the current time as a time_t
.See the sketches in the examples directory for usage.
The default interval for re-syncing the time is 5 minutes but can be changed by calling thesetSyncInterval(interval)
method to set the number of seconds between re-sync attempts.
The Time library defines a structure for holding time elements that is a compact version of the C tm structure.All the members of the Arduino tm structure are bytes and the year is offset from 1970.Convenience macros provide conversion to and from the Arduino format.
Low level functions to convert between system time and individual time elements are provided:
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The DS1307RTC library included in the download provides an example of how a time providercan use the low-level functions to interface with the Time library.